Tegelen Member

NUWATE

Formal (Westerhoff & Weerts 2003).

Brownish yellow gravelly sand, fining upward. Bluish and brownish grey and light grey clay, stiff, slightly silty to very sandy, with siderite. Locally organic or intercalation with layers of non-calcareous very fine to fine non-calcareous sand or peat.

Meandering fluvial (Rhine), including channel and bank (gravelly sand), crevasse (sand with clay layers), abandoned channel and oxbow lake (laminated clay with interbedded sand), and flood basin and swamp (humic fine-grained facies with local peat or lignite layers).

Sharp unconformable contact with fluvial clay (Reuver Bed, Kieseloolite Formation; Zagwijn 1960; Boenigk 1970; Kemna 2008), locally with shallow-marine glauconitic sand (Breda Formation).

Sharp unconformable contact with periglacial aeolian and small-scale fluvial sand (Stramproy Formation; Van Straaten 1956; Zagwijn 1963; Kasse & Bohncke 2001) or with gravelly fluvial sand (Sterksel Formation).

Up to about 30 m (Westerhoff 2009).

Dispersed remnants on the Peel Horst in the southeastern Netherlands.

North Sea: not present; UK: not present; GER: Oebel Beds (Boenigk 1970; Heumann & Litt 2002; Boenigk & Frechen 2006; Kemna 2008); BEL: not present.

late Pliocene - early Pleistocene (Reuverian - Eburonian).

Named after the village of Tegelen in the southeastern Netherlands.

Argile de Tegelen (Dubois 1905), Tegelen Formation (Zagwijn 1957, 1960; Zonneveld 1958), Tegelen Clay (Doppert et al. 1975), Belfeld Clay (cf. Zagwijn 1963).

Wim Dubelaar (2018), Sytze van Heteren (2019).

Boenigk, W. 1970. Zur Kenntnis des Altquartärs bei Brüggen. Sonderveröffentlichungen Geologisches Institut Universität Köln 17, 1-141.

Boenigk, W., Frechen, M. 2006. The Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial archives of the Rhine System. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 550-574.

Doppert, J.W.Chr., Ruegg, G.H.J., Van Staalduinen, C.J., Zagwijn, W.H., Zandstra, J.G. 1975. Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven-Tertiair in Nederland. In: Zagwijn, W.H., Van Staalduinen, C.J. (eds.): Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 11-56.

Dubois, E. 1905. Over een equivalent van het Cromer-forest-bed in Nederland. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Verslag van de Gewone Vergaderingen der Wis- en Natuurkundige Afdeeling, 13, 243-251.

Heumann, G., Litt, T. 2002. Stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene in the open-cast mine Hambach (lower Rhine basin). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences/Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, 193-199.

Kasse, C., Bohncke, S. 2001. Early Pleistocene fluvial and estuarine records of climate change in the southern Netherlands and northern Belgium. In: Maddy, D., Macklin, M.G. & J.C. Woodward (eds.), 2001. River basin sediment systems. Archives of environmental change. Rotterdam, Balkema: 171-193.

Kemna, H.A. 2008. A revised stratigraphy for the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Lower Rhine Embayment. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences/Geologie en Mijnbouw 87, 91-106.

Van Straaten, L.M.J.U. 1956. Structural features of the ‘Papzand’ Formation at Tegelen (Netherlands). Geologie en Mijnbouw 18, 121-135.

Westerhoff, W.E. 2009. Stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution: The lower Rhine-Meuse system during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene (southern North Sea Basin). PhD Thesis Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. In: Geology of the Netherlands 2. TNO - Geological Survey of the Netherlands, 168 p.

Westerhoff, W.E., Weerts, H.J.T. 2003. Beschrijving lithostratigrafische eenheid. Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO. Utrecht.

Zagwijn, W.H. 1957. Vegetation, climate and time-correlations in the early Pleistocene of Europe. Geologie en Mijnbouw, Nieuwe Serie 19, 233-244.

Zagwijn, W.H. 1960. Aspects of the Pliocene and Early-Pleistocene vegetation in the Netherlands. Proefschrift, Leiden / Mededelingen Geologische Stichting Serie C-III-1-N.6, 1-18.

Zagwijn, W.H. 1963. Pollen-analytic investigations in the Tiglian of the Netherlands. Mededelingen Geologische Stichting. Nieuwe Serie 16, 49-71.

Zonneveld, J.I.S. 1958. Litho-stratigrafische eenheden in het Nederlandse Pleistoceen. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, Nieuwe Serie 12, 31-64.