Boxtel Formation

NUBX

Formal (Schokker et al. 2005; Schokker et al. 2007).

Light yellow to dark brown very fine to medium sand, silty. Greyish brown to dark grey loam, sandy. Thin peat and gyttja layers, commonly sandy, partly detritic. Locally, fine to medium sand with granule lags. Palaeosols. Common cryoturbation.

Aeolian (drift sand, river dune), periglacial aeolian (coversand, loess, desert pavement), periglacial lacustrine, small-scale fluvial or fluvioperiglacial (brook; including channel (sand), overbank and flood basin (silt and clay), periglacial slope, alluvial fan, swamp (peat and gyttja).

Usually, sharp contact with (partly ice-pushed) coarser fluvial and glaciofluvial deposits (Koewacht, Beegden, Kreftenheye, Sterksel, Waalre, Drente and Peelo Formations) or sandy silt (Wijchen Bed, Kreftenheye Formation). Locally, sharp contact with Neogene and Cretaceous marine deposits. Gradual transition into fluvial sand (Koewacht, Kreftenheye and Stramproy Formations), glaciofluvial sand (Schaarsbergen Member, Drente Formation) or peat (Woudenberg Formation). Offshore, commonly sharp contact with marine sand (Eem Formation).

Commonly exposed at the surface. Elsewhere, erosive contact with tidal sand and clay (Naaldwijk Formation), fluvial sand and clay (Kreekrak and Echteld Formations), glacial deposits (Dogger Bight Formation) or marine sand (Southern Bight Formation). Sharp contact with or gradual transition into peat (Basal Peat Bed, Nieuwkoop Formation) or into fine glaciofluvial sand (Well Ground Member, Dogger Bight Formation). Partly marked by bioturbation.

Up to about 35 m in the Roer Valley Graben, up to about 10 m elsewhere

North Sea: Twente Formation, Limnisch-fluviatile Schichten (Sindowski 1970); UK: part of Britannia Catchments Group, loess and coversand, older blown sand (McMillan et al. 2011), including Langley Silt Member, Maidenhead Formation, Breighton Sand Formation, Sutton Sand Formation; GER: Niederungssand, Hangsand, Auelehm/Auesand, Hochflutlehm (Hinze 1988), offshore; BEL: part of Gent Formation (Wildert Member), Hechtel Formation (Kalmthout Member) (Vernes et al. 2018).

Middle Pleistocene - Holocene.

Named after the village of Boxtel in the southern Netherlands.

Merger of former Twente Formation, Asten Formation, Kootwijk Formation, part of the former Eindhoven Formation (all deposits south of the southernmost ice-sheet extent), and the fine-grained part of the Tienhoven Deposits (Van der Meene et al. 1988). Old Coversand (Van der Hammen 1971), Young Coversand. Includes river dune sand formerly assigned to the Kreftenheye Formation (Doppert et al. 1975).

Wim Dubelaar (2018), Sytze van Heteren (2019).

Doppert, J.W.Chr., Ruegg, G.H.J., Van Staalduinen, C.J., Zagwijn, W.H., Zandstra, J.G. 1975. Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven-Tertiair in Nederland. In: Zagwijn, W.H., Van Staalduinen, C.J. (eds.): Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 11-56.

Hinze, C. 1988. Geologische Karte von Niedersachsen 1:25.000. Erläuterungen zu Blatt Nr. 3608 Bad Bentheim. Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung, Hannover.

McMillan, A.A., Hamblin, R.J.O., Merritt, J.W. 2011. A lithostratigraphical framework for onshore Quaternary and Neogene (Tertiary) superficial deposits of Great Britain and the Isle of Man. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/10/03, 343 p.

Schokker, J, De Lang, F.D., Weerts, H.J.T., Den Otter, C., Passchier, S. 2005. Beschrijving lithostratigrafische eenheid. Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO. Utrecht.

Schokker, J., Weerts, H.J.T., Westerhoff, W.E., Berendsen, H.J.A., Den Otter, C. 2007. Introduction of the Boxtel Formation and implications for the Quaternary lithostratigraphy of the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 86, 197-210.

Sindowski, H.K. 1970. Das Quartär im Untergrund der Deutschen Bucht (Nordsee). Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart: Jahrbuch der Deutschen Quartärvereinigung, Band 21, Hohenlohe’sche Buchhandlung Ferdinand Rau, Württemberg, 33-46.

Van der Hammen, T., Wijmstra, T.A. (eds.) 1971. The upper Quaternary of the Dinkel valley (Twente, eastern Overijssel, the Netherlands). Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe serie 22, 55-213.

Van der Meene, E.A., Van Meerkerk, M., Van der Staay, J. 1988. Toelichtingen bij de Geologische kaart van Nederland 1:50.000. Blad Utrecht Oost (31O). Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem.

Vernes, R.W., Deckers, J., Bakker, M.A.J., Bogemans, F., De Ceukelaire, M., Doornenbal, J.C., den Dulk, M., Dusar, M., Van Haren, T.F.M., Heyvaert, V.M.A., Kiden, P., Kruisselbrink, A.F., Lanckacker, T., Menkovic, A., Meyvis, B., Munsterman, D.K., Reindersma, R., ten Veen, J.H., van de Ven, T.J.M., Walstra, J., Witmans, N. 2018. Geologisch en hydrogeologisch 3D model van het Cenozoïcum van de Belgisch-Nederlandse grensstreek van Midden-Brabant / De Kempen (H3O – De Kempen). Studie uitgevoerd door VITO, TNO-Geologische Dienst Nederland en de Belgische Geologische Dienst in opdracht van Vlaams Planbureau voor Omgeving, Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij, TNO, Geologische Dienst Nederland, Nederlandse Provincie Noord-Brabant, Brabant Water, Programmabureau KRW/DHZ Maasregio.